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| PERLTOC(1) | Perl Programmers Reference Guide | PERLTOC(1) |
perltoc - perl documentation table of contents This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped through to locate the proper section you're looking for.
perl - The Perl 5 language interpreter
- SYNOPSIS
- GETTING HELP
- Overview
- Tutorials
- Reference Manual
- Internals and C Language Interface
- Miscellaneous
- Language-Specific
- Platform-Specific
- Stubs for Deleted Documents
- DESCRIPTION
- AVAILABILITY
- ENVIRONMENT
- AUTHOR
- FILES
- SEE ALSO
- DIAGNOSTICS
- BUGS
- NOTES
perlintro -- a brief introduction and overview of Perl
- DESCRIPTION
- What is Perl?
- Running Perl programs
- Safety net
- Basic syntax overview
- Perl variable types
- Scalars, Arrays, Hashes
- Variable scoping
- Conditional and looping constructs
- if, while, for, foreach
- Builtin operators and functions
- Arithmetic, Numeric comparison, String comparison, Boolean logic, Miscellaneous
- Files and I/O
- Regular expressions
- Simple matching, Simple substitution, More complex regular expressions, Parentheses for capturing, Other regexp features
- Writing subroutines
- OO Perl
- Using Perl modules
- AUTHOR
perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
- #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
- OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, VMS
- Location of Perl
- Command Switches
- -0[octal/hexadecimal] , -a , -C[number/list] , -c , -d , -dt, -d:MOD[=bar,baz] , -dt:MOD[=bar,baz], -Dletters , -Dnumber, -ecommandline , -Ecommandline , -f
, -Fpattern , -h , -i[extension] , -Idirectory , -l[octnum] , -m[-] module , -M[-]module, -M[ -]'module ', -[mM][-]module=arg[,arg], -n , -p , -s , -S , -t , -T , -u , -U , -v , -V , -V:configvar, -w , -W , -X , -x , -xdirectory
- ENVIRONMENT
- HOME , LOGDIR , PATH , PERL5LIB , PERL5OPT , PERLIO , :bytes , :crlf , :mmap , :perlio , :pop , :raw , :stdio , :unix , :utf8 , :win32 , PERLIO_DEBUG , PERLLIB , PERL5DB , PERL5DB_THREADED , PERL5SHELL (specific to the Win32 port) , PERL_ALLOW_NON_IFS_LSP (specific to the Win32 port) , PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS , PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL , PERL_DL_NONLAZY , PERL_ENCODING , PERL_HASH_SEED , PERL_PERTURB_KEYS , PERL_HASH_SEED_DEBUG , PERL_MEM_LOG , PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port) , PERL_SIGNALS , PERL_UNICODE , PERL_USE_UNSAFE_INC , SYS$LOGIN (specific to the VMS port) , PERL_INTERNAL_RAND_SEED
perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references
- DESCRIPTION
- Who Needs Complicated Data Structures?
- The Solution
- Syntax
- Making References
- Using References
- An Example
- Arrow Rule
- Solution
- The Rest
- Summary
- Credits
perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
- DESCRIPTION
- arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes, more elaborate constructs
- REFERENCES
- COMMON MISTAKES
- CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
- WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS "use strict"
- DEBUGGING
- CODE EXAMPLES
- ARRAYS OF ARRAYS
- Declaration of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
- Generation of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
- Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
- HASHES OF ARRAYS
- Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS
- Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS
- Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS
- ARRAYS OF HASHES
- Declaration of an ARRAY OF HASHES
- Generation of an ARRAY OF HASHES
- Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF HASHES
- HASHES OF HASHES
- Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
- Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
- Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
- MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
- Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
- Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
- Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
- Database Ties
- SEE ALSO
- AUTHOR
perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl
- DESCRIPTION
- Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays
- Growing Your Own
- Access and Printing
- Slices
- SEE ALSO
- AUTHOR
perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start
- DESCRIPTION
- The Guide
- Simple word matching
- Using character classes
- Matching this or that
- Grouping things and hierarchical matching
- Extracting matches
- Matching repetitions
- More matching
- Search and replace
- The split operator
- "use re 'strict'"
- BUGS
- SEE ALSO
- AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial
- DESCRIPTION
- Part 1: The basics
- Simple word matching
- Using character classes
- Matching this or that
- Grouping things and hierarchical matching
- 0. Start with the first letter in the string 'a', 1. Try the first alternative in the first group 'abd', 2. Match 'a' followed by 'b'. So far so good, 3. 'd' in the regexp doesn't match 'c' in the string - a dead end. So backtrack two characters and pick the second alternative in the first group 'abc', 4. Match 'a' followed by 'b' followed by 'c'. We are on a roll and have satisfied the first group. Set $1 to 'abc', 5 Move on to the second group and pick the first alternative 'df', 6 Match the 'd', 7. 'f' in the regexp doesn't match 'e' in the string, so a dead end. Backtrack one character and pick the second alternative in the second group 'd', 8.
'd' matches. The second grouping is satisfied, so set $2 to 'd', 9. We are at the end of the regexp, so we are done! We have matched 'abcd' out of the string "abcde"
- Extracting matches
- Backreferences
- Relative backreferences
- Named backreferences
- Alternative capture group numbering
- Position information
- Non-capturing groupings
- Matching repetitions
- 0. Start with the first letter in the string 't', 1. The first quantifier '.*' starts out by matching the whole string ""the cat in the hat"", 2. 'a' in the regexp element 'at' doesn't match the end of the string. Backtrack one character, 3. 'a' in the regexp element 'at' still doesn't match the last letter of the string 't', so backtrack one more character, 4. Now we can match the 'a' and the 't', 5. Move on to the third element '.*'. Since we are at the end of the string and '.*' can match 0 times, assign it the empty string, 6. We are done!
- Possessive quantifiers
- Building a regexp
- Using regular expressions in Perl
- Part 2: Power tools
- More on characters, strings, and character classes
- Compiling and saving regular expressions
- Composing regular expressions at runtime
- Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression
- Looking ahead and looking behind
- Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking
- Conditional expressions
- Defining named patterns
- Recursive patterns
- A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression
- Backtracking control verbs
- Pragmas and debugging
- SEE ALSO
- AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
perlootut - Object-Oriented Programming in Perl Tutorial
- DATE
- DESCRIPTION
- OBJECT-ORIENTED FUNDAMENTALS
- Object
- Class
- Methods
- Attributes
- Polymorphism
- Inheritance
- Encapsulation
- Composition
- Roles
- When to Use OO
- PERL OO SYSTEMS
- Moose
- Declarative sugar, Roles built-in, A miniature type system, Full introspection and manipulation, Self-hosted and extensible, Rich ecosystem, Many more features
- Class::Accessor
- Class::Tiny
- Role::Tiny
- OO System Summary
- Moose, Class::Accessor, Class::Tiny, Role::Tiny
- Other OO Systems
- CONCLUSION
perlperf - Perl Performance and Optimization Techniques
- DESCRIPTION
- OVERVIEW
- ONE STEP SIDEWAYS
- ONE STEP FORWARD
- ANOTHER STEP SIDEWAYS
- GENERAL GUIDELINES
- BENCHMARKS
- Assigning and Dereferencing Variables.
- Search and replace or tr
- PROFILING TOOLS
- Devel::DProf
- Devel::Profiler
- Devel::SmallProf
- Devel::FastProf
- Devel::NYTProf
- SORTING
- Elapsed Real Time, User CPU Time, System CPU Time
- LOGGING
- Logging if DEBUG (constant)
- POSTSCRIPT
- SEE ALSO
- PERLDOCS
- MAN PAGES
- MODULES
- URLS
- AUTHOR
perlstyle - Perl style guide
- DESCRIPTION
perlcheat - Perl 5 Cheat Sheet
- DESCRIPTION
- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
- AUTHOR
- SEE ALSO
perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
- DESCRIPTION
- Awk Traps
- C/C++ Traps
- JavaScript Traps
- Sed Traps
- Shell Traps
- Perl Traps
perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial
- DESCRIPTION
- use strict
- Looking at data and -w and v
- help
- Stepping through code
- Placeholder for a, w, t, T
- REGULAR EXPRESSIONS
- OUTPUT TIPS
- CGI
- GUIs
- SUMMARY
- SEE ALSO
- AUTHOR
- CONTRIBUTORS
perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl
- VERSION
- DESCRIPTION
- Where to find the perlfaq
- How to use the perlfaq
- How to contribute to the perlfaq
- What if my question isn't answered in the FAQ?
- TABLE OF CONTENTS
- perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl, perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl, perlfaq3 - Programming Tools, perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation, perlfaq5 - Files and Formats, perlfaq6 - Regular Expressions, perlfaq7 - General Perl Language Issues, perlfaq8 - System Interaction, perlfaq9 - Web, Email and Networking
- THE QUESTIONS
- perlfaq1: General Questions About Perl
- perlfaq2: Obtaining and Learning about Perl
- perlfaq3: Programming Tools
- perlfaq4: Data Manipulation
- perlfaq5: Files and Formats
- perlfaq6: Regular Expressions
- perlfaq7: General Perl Language Issues
- perlfaq8: System Interaction
- perlfaq9: Web, Email and Networking
- CREDITS
- AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl
- VERSION
- DESCRIPTION
- What is Perl?
- Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
- Which version of Perl should I use?
- What are Perl 4, Perl 5, or Perl 6?
- What is Perl 6?
- How stable is Perl?
- How often are new versions of Perl released?
- Is Perl difficult to learn?
- How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX, Scheme, or Tcl?
- Can I do [task] in Perl?
- When shouldn't I program in Perl?
- What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
- What is a JAPH?
- How can I convince others to use Perl?
- <rushbrookrathbone.co.uk>, <rushbrookrathbone.co.uk>
- AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl
- VERSION
- DESCRIPTION
- What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?
- How can I get a binary version of Perl?
- I don't have a C compiler. How can I build my own Perl interpreter?
- I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts don't work.
- I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic loading/malloc/linking/ failed. How do I make it work?
- What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN?
- Where can I get information on Perl?
- <rushbrookrathbone.co.uk>, <rushbrookrathbone.co.uk>, <rushbrookrathbone.co.uk>
- What is rushbrookrathbone.co.uk? Perl Mongers? rushbrookrathbone.co.uk? rushbrookrathbone.co.uk? rushbrookrathbone.co.uk?
- <rushbrookrathbone.co.uk>, <rushbrookrathbone.co.uk>, <rushbrookrathbone.co.uk>, <rushbrookrathbone.co.uk>
- Where can I post questions?
- Perl Books
- Which magazines have Perl content?
- Which Perl blogs should I read?
- What mailing lists are there for Perl?
- Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
- Where do I send bug reports?
- AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
perlfaq3 - Programming Tools
- VERSION
- DESCRIPTION
- How do I do (anything)?
- How can I use Perl interactively?
- How do I find which modules are installed on my system?
- How do I debug my Perl programs?
- How do I profile my Perl programs?
- How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
- Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
- Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?
- Eclipse, Enginsite, IntelliJ IDEA, Kephra, Komodo, Notepad++, Open Perl IDE, OptiPerl, Padre, PerlBuilder, visiPerl+, Visual Perl, Zeus, GNU Emacs, MicroEMACS, XEmacs, Jed, Vim, Vile, MultiEdit, SlickEdit, ConTEXT, bash, zsh, BBEdit and TextWrangler
- Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
- Where can I get perl-mode or cperl-mode for emacs?
- How can I use curses with Perl?
- How can I write a GUI (X, Tk, Gtk, etc.) in Perl?
- Tk, Wx, Gtk and Gtk2, WinGUI, CamelBones, Qt, Athena
- How can I make my Perl program run faster?
- How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
- Don't slurp!, Use map and grep selectively, Avoid unnecessary quotes and stringification, Pass by reference, Tie large variables to disk
- Is it safe to return a reference to local or lexical data?
- How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
- How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
- How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
- How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
- How can I get "#!perl" to work on [MS-DOS,NT,]?
- Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line?
- Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
- Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
- Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
- Where can I learn about linking C with Perl?
- I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in my C program; what am I doing wrong?
- When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it mean?
- What's MakeMaker?
- AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation
- VERSION
- DESCRIPTION
- Data: Numbers
- Why am I getting long decimals (eg, ) instead of the numbers I should be getting (eg, )?
- Why is int() broken?
- Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
- Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()? Trig functions?
- How do I convert between numeric representations/bases/radixes?
- How do I convert hexadecimal into decimal, How do I convert from decimal to hexadecimal, How do I convert from octal to decimal, How do I convert from decimal to octal, How do I convert from binary to decimal, How do I convert from decimal to binary
- Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?
- How do I multiply matrices?
- How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
- How can I output Roman numerals?
- Why aren't my random numbers random?
- How do I get a random number between X and Y?
- Data: Dates
- How do I find the day or week of the year?
- How do I find the current century or millennium?
- How can I compare two dates and find the difference?
- How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
- How can I find the Julian Day?
- How do I find yesterday's date?
- Does Perl have a Year or problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?
- Data: Strings
- How do I validate input?
- How do I unescape a string?
- How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
- How do I expand function calls in a string?
- How do I find matching/nesting anything?
- How do I reverse a string?
- How do I expand tabs in a string?
- How do I reformat a paragraph?
- How can I access or change N characters of a string?
- How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
- How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a string?
- How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
- How can I split a [character]-delimited string except when inside [character]?
- How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
- How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?
- How do I extract selected columns from a string?
- How do I find the soundex value of a string?
- How can I expand variables in text strings?
- What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
- Why don't my <<HERE documents work?
- There must be no space after the << part, There (probably) should be a semicolon at the end of the opening token, You can't (easily) have any space in front of the tag, There needs to be at least a line separator after the end token
- Data: Arrays
- What is the difference between a list and an array?
- What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
- How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array?
- How can I tell whether a certain element is contained in a list or array?
- How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the intersection of two arrays?
- How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal?
- How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
- How do I handle linked lists?
- How do I handle circular lists?
- How do I shuffle an array randomly?
- How do I process/modify each element of an array?
- How do I select a random element from an array?
- How do I permute N elements of a list?
- How do I sort an array by (anything)?
- How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
- Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
- Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
- How do I process an entire hash?
- How do I merge two hashes?
- What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over it?
- How do I look up a hash element by value?
- How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
- How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
- How can I always keep my hash sorted?
- What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
- Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
- How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
- How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
- How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
- How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
- Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create it?
- How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or array of hashes or arrays?
- How can I use a reference as a hash key?
- How can I check if a key exists in a multilevel hash?
- How can I prevent addition of unwanted keys into a hash?
- Data: Misc
- How do I handle binary data correctly?
- How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
- How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
- How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
- How do I define methods for every class/object?
- How do I verify a credit card checksum?
- How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?
- AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
perlfaq5 - Files and Formats
- VERSION
- DESCRIPTION
- How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this?
- How do I change, delete, or insert a line in a file, or append to the beginning of a file?
- How do I count the number of lines in a file?
- How do I delete the last N lines from a file?
- How can I use Perl's "-i" option from within a program?
- How can I copy a file?
- How do I make a temporary file name?
- How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
- How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?
- How can I use a filehandle indirectly?
- How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
- How can I write() into a string?
- How can I open a filehandle to a string?
- How can I output my numbers with commas added?
- How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
- How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?
- Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>?
- How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks?
- How can I reliably rename a file?
- How can I lock a file?
- Why can't I just open(FH, ">rushbrookrathbone.co.uk")?
- I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in the file. How can I do this?
- All I want to do is append a small amount of text to the end of a file. Do I still have to use locking?
- How do I randomly update a binary file?
- How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
- How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
- How do I print to more than one file at once?
- How can I read in an entire file all at once?
- How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
- How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
- How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
- How do I do a "tail -f" in perl?
- How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
- How do I close a file descriptor by number?
- Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? Why doesn't `C:\temp\rushbrookrathbone.co.uk` work?
- Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
- Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does "-i" clobber protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
- How do I select a random line from a file?
- Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?
- How do I traverse a directory tree?
- How do I delete a directory tree?
- How do I copy an entire directory?
- AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
perlfaq6 - Regular Expressions
- VERSION
- DESCRIPTION
- How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible and unmaintainable code?
- Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters
- I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
- How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on different lines?
- How do I match XML, HTML, or other nasty, ugly things with a regex?
- I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
- How do I substitute case-insensitively on the LHS while preserving case on the RHS?
- How can I make "\w" match national character sets?
- How can I match a locale-smart version of "/[a-zA-Z]/"?
- How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?
- What is "/o" really for?
- How do I use a regular expression to strip C-style comments from a file?
- Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
- What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it?
- How do I process each word on each line?
- How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
- How can I do approximate matching?
- How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
- Why don't word-boundary searches with "\b" work for me?
- Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
- What good is "\G" in a regular expression?
- Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
- What's wrong with using grep in a void context?
- How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
- How do I match a regular expression that's in a variable?
- AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
perlfaq7 - General Perl Language Issues
- VERSION
- DESCRIPTION
- Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
- What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to use them?
- Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and commas?
- How do I skip some return values?
- How do I temporarily block warnings?
- What's an extension?
- Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
- How do I declare/create a structure?
- How do I create a module?
- How do I adopt or take over a module already on CPAN?
- How do I create a class?
- How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
- What's a closure?
- What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
- How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method, Regex}?
- Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes, Passing Methods
- How do I create a static variable?
- What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping? Between local() and my()?
- How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical is in scope?
- What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
- Why doesn't "my($foo) = <$fh>;" work right?
- How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
- What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
- How do I create a switch or case statement?
- How can I catch accesses to undefined variables, functions, or methods?
- Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
- How can I find out my current or calling package?
- How can I comment out a large block of Perl code?
- How do I clear a package?
- How can I use a variable as a variable name?
- What does "bad interpreter" mean?
- Do I need to recompile XS modules when there is a change in the C library?
- AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
perlfaq8 - System Interaction
- VERSION
- DESCRIPTION
- How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
- How come exec() doesn't return?
- How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
- Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
- How do I print something out in color?
- How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key?
- How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?
- How do I clear the screen?
- How do I get the screen size?
- How do I ask the user for a password?
- How do I read and write the serial port?
- lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
- How do I decode encrypted password files?
- How do I start a process in the background?
- STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
- How do I trap control characters/signals?
- How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
- How do I set the time and date?
- How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
- How can I measure time under a second?
- How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
- Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
- How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
- Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
- Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
- How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
- Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
- How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
- Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
- What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
- How can I call backticks without shell processing?
- Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix, ^Z on MS-DOS)?
- How can I convert my shell script to perl?
- Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
- How can I write expect in Perl?
- Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as "ps"?
- I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my changes to be visible?
- Unix
- How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to complete?
- How do I fork a daemon process?
- How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
- How do I timeout a slow event?
- How do I set CPU limits?
- How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
- How do I use an SQL database?
- How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
- How do I open a file without blocking?
- How do I tell the difference between errors from the shell and perl?
- How do I install a module from CPAN?
- What's the difference between require and use?
- How do I keep my own module/library directory?
- How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library search path?
- How do I add a directory to my include path (@INC) at runtime?
- the "PERLLIB" environment variable, the "PERL5LIB" environment variable, the "perl -Idir" command line flag, the "lib" pragma:, the local::lib module:
- Where are modules installed?
- What is rushbrookrathbone.co.uk and where do I get it?
- AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
perlfaq9 - Web, Email and Networking
- VERSION
- DESCRIPTION
- Should I use a web framework?
- Which web framework should I use?
- Catalyst, Dancer, Mojolicious, Web::Simple
- What is Plack and PSGI?
- How do I remove HTML from a string?
- How do I extract URLs?
- How do I fetch an HTML file?
- How do I automate an HTML form submission?
- How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
- How do I redirect to another page?
- How do I put a password on my web pages?
- How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that causes my CGI script to do bad things?
- How do I parse a mail header?
- How do I check a valid mail address?
- How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
- How do I find the user's mail address?
- How do I send email?
- Email::Sender::Transport::Sendmail, Email::Sender::Transport::SMTP, Email::Sender::Transport::SMTP::TLS
- How do I use MIME to make an attachment to a mail message?
- How do I read email?
- How do I find out my hostname, domainname, or IP address?
- How do I fetch/put an (S)FTP file?
- How can I do RPC in Perl?
- AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
perlsyn - Perl syntax
- DESCRIPTION
- Declarations
- Comments
- Simple Statements
- Statement Modifiers
- Compound Statements
- Loop Control
- For Loops
- Foreach Loops
- Basic BLOCKs
- Switch Statements
- Goto
- The Ellipsis Statement
- PODs: Embedded Documentation
- Plain Old Comments (Not!)
- Experimental Details on given and when
- 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
perldata - Perl data types
- DESCRIPTION
- Variable names
- Identifier parsing
- Context
- Scalar values
- Scalar value constructors
- List value constructors
- Subscripts
- Multi-dimensional array emulation
- Slices
- Typeglobs and Filehandles
- SEE ALSO
perlop - Perl operators and precedence
- DESCRIPTION
- Operator Precedence and Associativity
- Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
- The Arrow Operator
- Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
- Exponentiation
- Symbolic Unary Operators
- Binding Operators
- Multiplicative Operators
- Additive Operators
- Shift Operators
- Named Unary Operators
- Relational Operators
- Equality Operators
- Smartmatch Operator
- 1. Empty hashes or arrays match, 2. That is, each element smartmatches the element of the same index in the other array.[3], 3. If a circular reference is found, fall back to referential equality, 4. Either an actual number, or a string that looks like one
- Bitwise And
- Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
- C-style Logical And
- C-style Logical Or
- Logical Defined-Or
- Range Operators
- Conditional Operator
- Assignment Operators
- Comma Operator
- List Operators (Rightward)
- Logical Not
- Logical And
- Logical or and Exclusive Or
- C Operators Missing From Perl
- unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
- Quote and Quote-like Operators
- [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8]
- Regexp Quote-Like Operators
- "qr/STRING/msixpodualn" , "m/ PATTERN/msixpodualngc"
, "/ PATTERN/msixpodualngc", The empty pattern "//", Matching in list context, "\G assertion", "m? PATTERN?msixpodualngc"
, "s/ PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/msixpodualngcer"
- Quote-Like Operators
- "q/STRING/" , 'STRING', "qq/ STRING/" , " STRING", "qx/ STRING/" , "` STRING`", "qw/ STRING/" , "tr/ SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cdsr"
, "y/ SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cdsr", "<< EOF" , Double Quotes, Single Quotes, Backticks, Indented Here-docs
- Gory details of parsing quoted constructs
- Finding the end, Interpolation , "<<'EOF'", "m''", the pattern of "s'''", '', "q//", "tr'''", "y'''", the replacement of "s'''", "tr///", "y///", "", "``", "qq//", "qx//", "<file*glob>", "<<"EOF"", the replacement of "s///", "RE" in "m?RE?", "/RE/", "m/RE/", "s/RE/foo/",, parsing regular expressions , Optimization of regular expressions
- I/O Operators
- Constant Folding
- No-ops
- Bitwise String Operators
- Integer Arithmetic
- Floating-point Arithmetic
- Bigger Numbers
perlsub - Perl subroutines
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
- documented later in this document, documented in perlmod, documented in perlobj, documented in perltie, documented in PerlIO::via, documented in perlfunc, documented in UNIVERSAL, documented in perldebguts, undocumented, used internally by the overload feature
- Signatures
- Private Variables via my()
- Persistent Private Variables
- Temporary Values via local()
- Lvalue subroutines
- Lexical Subroutines
- Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
- When to Still Use local()
- Pass by Reference
- Prototypes
- Constant Functions
- Overriding Built-in Functions
- Autoloading
- Subroutine Attributes
- SEE ALSO
perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
- DESCRIPTION
- Perl Functions by Category
- Functions for SCALARs or strings , Regular expressions and pattern matching , Numeric functions , Functions for real @ARRAYs , Functions for list data , Functions for real %HASHes , Input and output functions
, Functions for fixed-length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories
, Keywords related to the control flow of your Perl program , Keywords related to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process groups
, Keywords related to Perl modules , Keywords related to classes and object-orientation
, Low-level socket functions , System V interprocess communication functions
, Fetching user and group info
, Fetching network info , Time-related functions , Non-function keywords
- Portability
- Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
- -X FILEHANDLE , - X EXPR, - X DIRHANDLE, -X, abs VALUE , abs, accept NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET , alarm SECONDS , alarm, atan2 Y,X , bind SOCKET,NAME , binmode FILEHANDLE, LAYER
, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME , bless REF, break, caller EXPR , caller, chdir EXPR , chdir FILEHANDLE, chdir DIRHANDLE, chdir, chmod LIST , chomp VARIABLE , chomp( LIST ), chomp, chop VARIABLE , chop( LIST ), chop, chown LIST
, chr NUMBER , chr, chroot FILENAME , chroot, close FILEHANDLE , close, closedir DIRHANDLE , connect SOCKET,NAME , continue BLOCK , continue, cos EXPR
, cos, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT
, dbmclose HASH , dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK , defined EXPR
, defined, delete EXPR , die LIST
, do BLOCK , do EXPR , dump LABEL , dump EXPR, dump, each HASH , each ARRAY , eof FILEHANDLE , eof (), eof, eval EXPR , eval BLOCK, eval, String eval, Under the "unicode_eval" feature, Outside the "unicode_eval" feature, Block eval, evalbytes EXPR , evalbytes, exec LIST , exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR , exit EXPR
, exit, exp EXPR
, exp, fc EXPR
, fc, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR , __FILE__ , fileno FILEHANDLE , fileno DIRHANDLE, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION , fork , format , formline PICTURE,LIST , getc FILEHANDLE , getc, getlogin
, getpeername SOCKET , getpgrp PID , getppid , getpriority WHICH,WHO , getpwnam NAME
, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET , getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME , glob EXPR
, glob, gmtime EXPR
, gmtime, goto LABEL , goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST , grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR
, hex, import LIST , index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION , index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR , int, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR , join EXPR,LIST , keys HASH
, keys ARRAY, kill SIGNAL, LIST, kill SIGNAL , last LABEL , last EXPR, last, lc EXPR , lc, If "use bytes" is in effect:, Otherwise, if "use locale" for "LC_CTYPE" is in effect:, Otherwise, If EXPR has the UTF8 flag set:, Otherwise, if "use feature 'unicode_strings'" or "use locale ':not_characters'" is in effect:, Otherwise:, lcfirst EXPR , lcfirst, length EXPR , length, __LINE__ , link OLDFILE,NEWFILE , listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE , local EXPR , localtime EXPR , localtime, lock THING , log EXPR , log, lstat FILEHANDLE , lstat EXPR, lstat DIRHANDLE, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST , map EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MODE
, mkdir FILENAME, mkdir, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG , msgget KEY,FLAGS , msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS , msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS , my VARLIST , my TYPE VARLIST, my VARLIST : ATTRS, my TYPE VARLIST : ATTRS, next LABEL , next EXPR, next, no MODULE VERSION LIST , no MODULE VERSION, no MODULE LIST, no MODULE, no VERSION, oct EXPR , oct, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR , open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR,LIST, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,REFERENCE, open FILEHANDLE, opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR , ord EXPR , ord, our VARLIST , our TYPE VARLIST, our VARLIST : ATTRS, our TYPE VARLIST : ATTRS, pack TEMPLATE,LIST , package NAMESPACE, package NAMESPACE VERSION
, setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY
, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL , shift ARRAY , shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG , shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS , shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE , shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW , sin EXPR , sin, sleep EXPR , sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL , socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL , sort SUBNAME LIST , sort BLOCK LIST, sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST , splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH, splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT , split /PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST , format parameter index, flags, vector flag, (minimum) width, precision, or maximum width , size, order of arguments, sqrt EXPR , sqrt, srand EXPR , srand, stat FILEHANDLE
, stat EXPR, stat DIRHANDLE, stat, state VARLIST , state TYPE VARLIST, state VARLIST : ATTRS, state TYPE VARLIST : ATTRS, study SCALAR , study, sub NAME BLOCK , sub NAME (PROTO) BLOCK, sub NAME : ATTRS BLOCK, sub NAME (PROTO) : ATTRS BLOCK, __SUB__ , substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT
, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE , syscall NUMBER, LIST , sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE , sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET , sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE , system LIST , system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET , syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE , tell, telldir DIRHANDLE , tie VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST , tied VARIABLE , time , times , tr///, truncate FILEHANDLE,LENGTH , truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR , uc, ucfirst EXPR , ucfirst, umask EXPR , umask, undef EXPR , undef, unlink LIST
, unlink, unpack TEMPLATE,EXPR , unpack TEMPLATE, unshift ARRAY,LIST , untie VARIABLE , use Module VERSION LIST , use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use Module, use VERSION, utime LIST , values HASH , values ARRAY, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS , wait , waitpid PID,FLAGS , wantarray , warn LIST
, write FILEHANDLE , write EXPR, write, y///
- Non-function Keywords by Cross-reference
- __DATA__, __END__, BEGIN, CHECK, END, INIT, UNITCHECK, DESTROY, and, cmp, eq, ge, gt, le, lt, ne, not, or, x, xor, AUTOLOAD, else, elsif, for, foreach, if, unless, until, while, elseif, default, given, when
perlopentut - simple recipes for opening files and pipes in Perl
- DESCRIPTION
- OK, HANDLE, MODE, PATHNAME
- Opening Text Files
- Opening Text Files for Reading
- Opening Text Files for Writing
- Opening Binary Files
- Opening Pipes
- Low-level File Opens via sysopen
- SEE ALSO
- AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
perlpacktut - tutorial on "pack" and "unpack"
- DESCRIPTION
- The Basic Principle
- Packing Text
- Packing Numbers
- Integers
- Unpacking a Stack Frame
- How to Eat an Egg on a Net
- Byte-order modifiers
- Floating point Numbers
- Exotic Templates
- Bit Strings
- Uuencoding
- Doing Sums
- Unicode
- Another Portable Binary Encoding
- Template Grouping
- Lengths and Widths
- String Lengths
- Dynamic Templates
- Counting Repetitions
- Intel HEX
- Packing and Unpacking C Structures
- The Alignment Pit
- Dealing with Endian-ness
- Alignment, Take 2
- Alignment, Take 3
- Pointers for How to Use Them
- Pack Recipes
- Funnies Section
- Authors
perlpod - the Plain Old Documentation format
- DESCRIPTION
- Ordinary Paragraph
- Verbatim Paragraph
- Command Paragraph
- "=head1 Heading Text"
, "=head2 Heading Text", "=head3 HeadingText", "=head4 Heading Text", "=over indentlevel"
, "=item stuff", "=back", "=cut" , "=pod" , "=begin formatname"
, "=end formatname", "=for formatnametext", "=encoding encodingname"
- Formatting Codes
- "I<text>" -- italic text , "B<text>" -- bold text
, "C<code>" -- code text
, "L<name>" -- a hyperlink , "E<escape>" -- a character escape
, "F<filename>" -- used for filenames , "S<text>" -- text contains non-breaking spaces
, "X<topic name>" -- an index entry
, "Z<>" -- a null (zero-effect) formatting code
- The Intent
- Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
- Hints for Writing Pod
- SEE ALSO
- AUTHOR
perlpodspec - Plain Old Documentation: format specification and notes
- DESCRIPTION
- Pod Definitions
- Pod Commands
- "=head1", "=head2", "=head3", "=head4", "=pod", "=cut", "=over", "=item", "=back", "=begin formatname", "=begin formatname parameter", "=end formatname", "=for formatname text", "=encoding encodingname"
- Pod Formatting Codes
- "I<text>" -- italic text, "B<text>" -- bold text, "C<code>" -- code text, "F<filename>" -- style for filenames, "X<topic name>" -- an index entry, "Z<>" -- a null (zero-effect) formatting code, "L<name>" -- a hyperlink, "E<escape>" -- a character escape, "S<text>" -- text contains non-breaking spaces
- Notes on Implementing Pod Processors
- About L<> Codes
- First:, Second:, Third:, Fourth:, Fifth:, Sixth:
- About =over=back Regions
- About Data Paragraphs and "=begin/=end" Regions
- SEE ALSO
- AUTHOR
perlpodstyle - Perl POD style guide
- DESCRIPTION
- NAME, SYNOPSIS, DESCRIPTION, OPTIONS, RETURN VALUE, ERRORS, DIAGNOSTICS, EXAMPLES, ENVIRONMENT, FILES, CAVEATS, BUGS, RESTRICTIONS, NOTES, AUTHOR, HISTORY, COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE, SEE ALSO
- SEE ALSO
- AUTHOR
- COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
- DESCRIPTION
- SEE ALSO
perldeprecation - list Perl deprecations
- DESCRIPTION
- Perl
- Perl
- Perl
- Perl
- Perl
- Perl
- SEE ALSO
perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings
- DESCRIPTION
perldebug - Perl debugging
- DESCRIPTION
- The Perl Debugger
- Calling the Debugger
- perl -d program_name, perl -d -e 0, perl -d:ptkdb program_name, perl -dt threaded_program_name
- Debugger Commands
- h , h [command], h h, p expr , x [maxdepth] expr , V [pkg [vars]] , X [vars] , y [level [vars]] , T , s [expr] , n [expr] , r , <CR>, c [line|sub] , l , l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname, - , v [line] , . , f filename , /pattern/, ?pattern?, L [abw] , S [[!]regex] , t [n] , t [n] expr , b , b [line] [condition] , b [file]:[line] [condition] , b subname [condition] , b postpone subname [condition] , b load filename
, b compile subname , B line , B *
, disable [file]:[line]
, disable [line]
, enable [file]:[line]
, enable [line]
, a [line] command , A line , A * , w expr , W expr , W * , o , o booloption , o anyoption? , o option=value , < ? , < [ command ] , < * , << command , > ? , > command , > * , >> command , { ? , { [ command ], { * , {{ command , ! number , ! -number , ! pattern , !! cmd , source file , H -number , q or ^D , R , |dbcmd , ||dbcmd , command, m expr , M , man [manpage]
- Configurable Options
- "recallCommand", "ShellBang" , "pager" , "tkRunning" , "signalLevel", "warnLevel", "dieLevel"
, "AutoTrace" , "LineInfo" , "inhibit_exit" , "PrintRet" , "ornaments" , "frame" , "maxTraceLen" , "windowSize" , "arrayDepth", "hashDepth" , "dumpDepth" , "compactDump", "veryCompact" , "globPrint" , "DumpDBFiles" , "DumpPackages" , "DumpReused" , "quote", "HighBit", "undefPrint"
, "UsageOnly" , "HistFile" , "HistSize" , "TTY" , "noTTY" , "ReadLine" , "NonStop"
- Debugger Input/Output
- Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace , Line Listing Format, Frame listing
- Debugging Compile-Time Statements
- Debugger Customization
- Readline Support / History in the Debugger
- Editor Support for Debugging
- The Perl Profiler
- Debugging Regular Expressions
- Debugging Memory Usage
- SEE ALSO
- BUGS
perlvar - Perl predefined variables
- DESCRIPTION
- The Syntax of Variable Names
- SPECIAL VARIABLES
- General Variables
- $ARG, $_ , @ARG, @_ , $LIST_SEPARATOR, $" , $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$ , $PROGRAM_NAME, $0 , $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(
, $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $) , $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $< , $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, $> , $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $; , $a, $b , %ENV , $OLD_PERL_VERSION, $] , $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F
, @F , @INC , %INC , $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I , @ISA , $^M , $OSNAME, $^O , %SIG , $BASETIME, $^T , $PERL_VERSION, $^V , ${^WIN32_SLOPPY_STAT} , $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X
- Variables related to regular expressions
- $<digits> ($1, $2, ) , @{^CAPTURE}
, $MATCH, $& , ${^MATCH} , $PREMATCH, $` , ${^PREMATCH} , $POSTMATCH, $'
, ${^POSTMATCH} , $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+ , $LAST_SUBMATCH_RESULT, $^N , @LAST_MATCH_END, @+ , %{^CAPTURE}, %LAST_PAREN_MATCH, %+
, @LAST_MATCH_START, @- , "$`" is the same as "substr($var, 0, $-[0])", $& is the same as "substr($var, $-[0], $+[0] - $-[0])", "$'" is the same as "substr($var, $+[0])", $1 is the same as "substr($var, $-[1], $+[1] - $-[1])", $2 is the same as "substr($var, $-[2], $+[2] - $-[2])", $3 is the same as "substr($var, $-[3], $+[3] - $-[3])", %{^CAPTURE_ALL} , %- , $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R , ${^RE_DEBUG_FLAGS} , ${^RE_TRIE_MAXBUF}
- Variables related to filehandles
- $ARGV , @ARGV , ARGV , ARGVOUT , IO::Handle->output_field_separator( EXPR ), $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $, , HANDLE->input_line_number( EXPR ), $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $. , IO::Handle->input_record_separator( EXPR ), $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/ , IO::Handle->output_record_separator( EXPR ), $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS, $\ , HANDLE->autoflush( EXPR ), $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $| , ${^LAST_FH} , $ACCUMULATOR, $^A , IO::Handle->format_formfeed(EXPR), $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L , HANDLE->format_page_number(EXPR), $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $% , HANDLE->format_lines_left(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $- , IO::Handle->format_line_break_characters EXPR, $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, $: , HANDLE->format_lines_per_page(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $= , HANDLE->format_top_name(EXPR), $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^ , HANDLE->format_name(EXPR), $FORMAT_NAME, $~
- Error Variables
- ${^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE} , $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E
, $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S , $WARNING, $^W , ${^WARNING_BITS} , $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $! , %OS_ERROR, %ERRNO, %! , $CHILD_ERROR, $? , $EVAL_ERROR, $@
- Variables related to the interpreter state
- $COMPILING, $^C , $DEBUGGING, $^D , ${^ENCODING} , ${^GLOBAL_PHASE} , CONSTRUCT, START, CHECK, INIT, RUN, END, DESTRUCT, $^H , %^H , ${^OPEN} , $PERLDB, $^P , 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80, 0x, 0x, 0x, 0x, 0x, ${^TAINT} , ${^SAFE_LOCALES} , ${^UNICODE} , ${^UTF8CACHE} , ${^UTF8LOCALE}
- Deprecated and removed variables
- $# , $* , $[
-